New Issue

  • Traditional Chinese medicine nanoscience: principles of formula-derived nanoparticles and advanced TCM therapeutic preparations

    HUA Hua;CAI Shuang-fei;SUN Quan-mei;CAO Ming-jing;LIU Jing;LI Dong-ying;AI Yan-ling;XIE Xiao-xue;JI Yan-ling;CHEN Chun-ying;ZHAO Jun-ning;Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine;Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences;National Medical Products A

    As a frontier field integrating traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theory with modern nanotechnology, traditional Chinese medicine nanoscience(TCMN) is spearheading revolutionary breakthroughs in the modernization of TCM. Innovative breakthroughs in TCM nanoscience are mainly reflected in the formula-derived nanoparticles of TCM(FDN) and the formula-derived nanoparticles drug discovery(FDD), intelligent delivery of multi-active components in TCM, precision design of nanocarrier systems, and technological innovations through multidisciplinary integration. TCMN transforms the "dark knowledge" of formula combinations into quantifiable and controllable "explicit knowledge", enabling scientific interpretation of the complex systems within TCM at the nanoscale. The formation and development of the TCMN and the principles of formula-derived nanoparticles will greatly advance the interpretation of TCM principles and their therapeutic advantages: clarifying clearly material basis(discovery of novel micro-and nano-scale active substances), elucidating the mechanism of action(multi-level dynamic network regulatory mechanism), developing innovative drugs(multi-target advanced therapy medicinal products based on TCM), and inheriting the essence(enhancing its therapeutic advantages of TCM). The future development of TCMN will exhibit distinct characteristics of in-depth multidisciplinary integration, technological paradigm innovation, and industrial ecosystem reconstruction. It is not only expected to break through the technical bottlenecks and regulatory issues currently faced by advanced therapy medicinal products of TCM, but also create a brand-new model for TCM in treating complex diseases. Furthermore, it will play an increasingly important role in treating major diseases and safeguarding human health, opening up unprecedented broad prospects for the inheritance, innovation, and international development of TCM.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2396K]

  • Application and research progress of artificial intelligence in TCM prescription recommendation

    LI Huan;ZHAO Ran-ran;HAN Xing-xing;CHEN Feng-ming;TANG Zhi-shu;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine;

    TCM prescription recommendations play a crucial role in TCM treatment, aiming to recommend a set of TCM to treat patients′ symptoms. Currently, the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI) has brought new challenges and opportunities to TCM. AI-enhanced TCM recommendation systems can standardize the extensive and diverse relationships between formulas and syndromes, thereby helping to optimize standard formulas. Although recommendation systems have been widely applied in fields such as e-commerce, video, and news, the integration of AI with TCM prescription recommendation systems is still in its infancy and faces numerous challenges. Additionally, there is currently a lack of systematic literature reviews on TCM recommendation systems. This review systematically summarized the latest advancements in TCM recommendation systems. It summarized the data characteristics, processing methods, classification approaches, and evaluation metrics in TCM recommendation systems. This review aims to provide valuable information for the research field, assisting researchers in developing strategic plans for the advancement of TCM prescription recommendation systems.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1392K]

  • Application of activity-based protein profiling technology in TCM targets: a review

    YANG Xiao-fei;XU Chang;YU Xin-yue;WU Jia-yi;MENG Fan-hang;LUO Jia-hong;LIU Bin;ZHANG Wei;School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine;the Key Research Laboratory of Exploring Effective Substance in Classic and Famous Prescriptions of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine;

    Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) active compounds possess unique structural diversity and drug-like properties. However, elucidating their specific targets and mechanisms of action remains challenging. Traditional methods have limitations in systematically analyzing their true modes of action under physiological conditions, which constrains their application and development in new drug research and development. Activity-based protein profiling(ABPP) technology is an interdisciplinary approach integrating organic chemistry, proteomics, and bioinformatics, and has become a powerful tool in proteomics research. With technological advancements, ABPP has evolved into a relatively mature method for studying the targets of TCM. This article systematically elaborates the fundamental principles and detailed workflow of ABPP technology, summarizes the types and functions of probe groups used in ABPP, and reviews the progress of this technology in target research for TCM. It provides a systematic reference for the construction and labeling of activity-based probes and the enrichment of target proteins, aiming to facilitate in-depth research on the action targets of active ingredients in TCM, elucidate their mechanisms of action, optimize drug development processes, enhance the modernization of TCM, and accelerate the development of new drugs based on TCM.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2731K]

  • Efficacy-enhancing and toxicity-reducing effects of TCM in immune checkpoint inhibitor-based anti-tumor therapy: a review of mechanisms and advances

    WANG Xuan-qiang;CHEN Wei-cong;ZHAO Lu;College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University;State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Zhejiang University;

    Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) have become a significant breakthrough in cancer therapy by activating anti-tumor immune responses through the blockade of immune checkpoint molecules. However, acquired resistance to ICIs and immune-related adverse events(irAEs) severely limit their clinical application. TCM, based on the principles of holistic view and syndrome differentiation-based treatment, demonstrates distinct advantages in enhancing ICIs efficacy due to its unique immunomodulatory effects and multi-target, multi-pathway mechanisms. Studies suggest that TCM may effectively enhance T cell-mediated anti-tumor activity and improve ICIs resistance through various mechanisms, including modulating the tumor microenvironment, intervening in key immune signaling pathways, and restoring gut microbiota homeostasis. Additionally, TCM shows promising potential in alleviating ICIs-induced irAEs, such as colitis, pneumonitis, and cardiotoxicity, thereby improving patient tolerance to treatment. This review systematically summarizes the synergistic mechanisms and recent research progress in the combined use of TCM and ICIs, aiming to provide novel insights for optimizing cancer immunotherapy strategies. In the future, a precision medicine model integrating TCM and western medicine may offer safer and more effective therapeutic options for cancer patients, further advancing the development of tumor immunotherapy.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1410K]

  • Therapeutic effects of Baitouweng Decoction on ulcerative colitis mice with dampness-heat syndrome via inhibiting CaSR-Gq/11-MAPK signaling pathway based on fecal microbiota transplantation

    ZHENG Xue;YE Dan-dan;WENG Xiao-ya;HUANG Zhuo-wen;LI Yi-hui;ZHANG Lin-sheng;CHEN Mu-yuan;LIU Fei-yang;ZHU Ji-ye;DONG Ming-guo;ZHENG Xue-bao;HUANG Xiao-qi;Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine;Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine;the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine;Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine;Dongguan Trad

    This study aimed to investigate whether Baitouweng Decoction(BTD) exerts pharmacodynamic effects on ulcerative colitis(UC) mice with dampness-heat syndrome in the large intestine by modulating the gut microbiota and its metabolites to inhibit the calcium sensing receptor(CaSR)-G-protein alpha subunit Q/G-protein alpha subunit 11(Gq/11)-mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway. In the experiment, mice were divided into the following groups: a normal group, a model group, a Baitouweng Decoction fecal microbiota transplantation(BTD-FMT) group, a normal-FMT group, and a normal-FMT + Akkermansia muciniphila group. Except for the normal group, a UC with dampness-heat syndrome model was established in all mice. The corresponding fecal supernatant or Akkermansia muciniphila was administered on days 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21. Items below were recorded: body weight, diet, dampness-heat syndrome modeling conditions, and disease activity index(DAI) scores. The distribution and fluorescence intensity of fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-Dextran in the gut were detected using a small animal 3D live imaging system. Pathological changes in the colon and tongue tissues were observed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors and Muc2 in colon tissue was measured by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR). The expression levels of forkhead box protein p3(Foxp3) and retinoic acid related orphan receptor γt(RORγt) in colon tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Goblet cell and mucin expression were analyzed by alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff(AB-PAS) staining. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of Zonula occludens-1(ZO-1), Occludin, Claudin-1, CaSR, G-protein alpha subunit αQ(Gnaq), G-protein alpha subunit 11(Gna11), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK), mitogen-activated protein kinase p38(p38 MAPK, p38), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(p-ERK1/2), phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase(p-JNK), and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase p38(p-p38 MAPK, p-p38) in colon tissue. The results indicated that compared with the normal group, model mice with dampness-heat syndrome showed significant increases in rectal temperature, water intake, DAI scores, total movement trajectories/distance traveled in the open field test, and dampness-heat syndrome scores. Compared with the model group, BTD-FMT exerted therapeutic effects on UC mice with dampness-heat syndrome, which were evidenced by significantly ameliorated dampness-heat symptoms and tongue tissue pathology, reduced DAI scores, restored colon length, decreased colon histopathological scores, and modulated immune responses. Furthermore, BTD-FMT downregulated the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and interleukin-6(IL-6) while upregulating interleukin-10(IL-10) and interleukin-4(IL-4) expression. Barrier protein levels were appropriately upregulated, alleviating increased intestinal barrier permeability. Additionally, the expression balance between Foxp3 and RORγt was restored, the goblet cell repair and mucin expression were promoted, and the expression of key proteins in the CaSR-Gq/11-MAPK signaling pathway was suppressed in colon tissue. In terms of therapeutic effect, BTD-FMT was superior to normal-FMT. Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila partially mimicked the therapeutic effects of BTD-FMT and achieved a synergistic effect when combined with normal-FMT. In conclusion, BTD exerts anti-inflammatory and intestinal mucosal barrier repair effects in UC mice with dampness-heat syndrome via gut microbiota and metabolite modulation, and the CaSR-Gq/11-MAPK signaling pathway inhibition. Akkermansia muciniphila enhances the effect of normal-FMT.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3307K]

  • Coptidis Rhizoma-Aucklandiae Radix mediates glycocalyx remodeling to protect intestinal vascular endothelial barrier and alleviate gut inflammation in mouse model of ulcerative colitis

    WANG Yong-qi;WEI Yu-zhuo;LIU Li;ZHU Zi-hang;MIAO Zhi-wei;XU Yi;Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine;Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine;

    This study investigates the potential mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of Coptidis Rhizoma-Aucklandiae Radix for ulcerative colitis(UC) in mice from glycocalyx remodeling. The mouse model of UC was established with 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate(DSS). Fifty C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to five groups: control, model, sulfasalazine(100 mg·kg~(-1)), low-dose(0.64 g·kg~(-1)) Coptidis Rhizoma-Aucklandiae Radix, and high-dose(1.28 g·kg~(-1)) Coptidis Rhizoma-Aucklandiae Radix. Changes in body weight and hematochezia were monitored throughout the experiment, and the disease activity index(DAI) was calculated accordingly. At the end of the experiment, hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was performed to evaluate histopathological changes in the colon tissue. Evans blue dye extravasation was employed to assess colonic vascular permeability. RT-qPCR was conducted to quantify the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, markers of intestinal barrier injury, and glycocalyx-related genes in the colon tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to measure the serum levels of shed hyaluronic acid(HA). Immunofluorescence staining was adopted to detect HA-positive signals in the colonic glycocalyx. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was utilized to examine the ultrastructural integrity of colonic vascular endothelial cells and the extent of glycocalyx shedding. The results demonstrated that compared with the control group, the model group exhibited significant body weight loss, marked shortening of the colon, elevated DAI, severe hematochezia, pronounced inflammatory cell infiltration, increased colonic vascular permeability, upregulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interleukin(IL)-6, and IL-1β, downregulated expression of tight junction proteins such as Zonula occludens(ZO)-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5, increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1, altered expression of glycocalyx-modifying enzymes, specifically increased matrix metalloproteinase 1(MMP1) and hyaluronidase 2(Hyal2) and decreased hyaluronan synthase 2(HAS2), along with substantial shedding of endothelial glycocalyx-derived HA into circulation, as evidenced by elevated serum HA concentrations, and severe ultrastructural damage of colonic vascular endothelial cells with marked glycocalyx degradation as revealed by TEM. In comparison with the model group, both the low-and high-dose Coptidis Rhizoma-Aucklandiae Radix groups showed significantly attenuated weight loss and hematochezia, significantly lowered DAI scores, reduced inflammatory infiltration, improved intestinal barrier function, declined levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, restored expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5, reduced VCAM-1 expression, significantly downregulated expression of MMP1 and Hyal2, significantly increased HAS2 expression, suppressed HA shedding, and preserved endothelial glycocalyx structure with less ultrastructural damage observed under TEM. In summary, Coptidis Rhizoma-Aucklandiae Radix ameliorates UC in mice, potentially through mediating glycocalyx remodeling and thereby protecting the integrity of the intestinal vascular endothelial barrier.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2350K]

  • Xianglian Pills ameliorate ulcerative colitis by regulating ASS1-mediated arginine metabolism: a study based on metabolomics

    ZHANG Jia-qi;QIAN Xiao-jing;HU Cheng;CHEN Ying;Nanxiang Hospital of Jiading District;Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;

    This study integrated untargeted metabolomics with in vivo and in vitro molecular experiments to elucidate the targets of Xianglian Pills(XLP) in treating ulcerative colitis(UC). A mouse model of UC was established with 3% dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in drinking water. C57BL/6J mice were randomized into six groups: control, model, mesalazine(positive control, 0.4 g·kg~(-1)), and low-, medium-, and high-dose(0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g·kg~(-1), respectively) XLP. In parallel, an in vitro intestinal epithelial barrier injury model was induced in Caco-2 monolayers by combined stimulation with tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α(100 ng·mL~(-1)) and interferon(IFN)-γ(100 ng·mL~(-1)). The results demonstrated that XLP alleviated DSS-induced weight loss, colon shortening, and elevated disease activity index(DAI) in a dose-dependent manner. XLP treatment markedly reduced the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and interleukin(IL)-6 and restored the expression and localization of the tight junction proteins Zonula occludens-1(ZO-1) and Occludin in the colon tissue. Serum metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-MS/MS identified 24 differential metabolites, and the pathway enrichment analysis revealed that XLP predominantly regulated the arginine biosynthesis pathway. Mechanism investigation demonstrated that XLP significantly suppressed the inflammation-induced upregulation of argininosuccinate synthetase 1(ASS1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(NOS2/iNOS). Concurrently, XLP upregulated the expression of arginase 1(ARG1) and argininosuccinate lyase(ASL), shifting the metabolic flux towards polyamine synthesis and tissue repair. In vitro assays confirmed that XLP at 50 μg·mL~(-1) significantly increased the transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER), reduced FITC-dextran permeability, and accelerated wound healing in Caco-2 cells. Plasmid-mediated overexpression of ASS1 significantly reversed the protective effect of XLP on barrier integrity and the inhibitory effect of XLP on the NOS2 pathway. In conclusion, XLP ameliorates UC by reprogramming the ASS1-NOS2 metabolic axis in intestinal epithelial cells to rebalance arginine metabolism, thereby mitigating mucosal inflammation and restoring the intestinal physical barrier.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2528K]

  • Untargeted metabolomics reveals therapeutic mechanism of Fuzi Lizhong Pills on oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis in mice

    LI Yi-lin;ZUO Ze-ping;TIAN Ying-ying;ZHU Lei;LIN Hong-sai;WANG Zhi-bin;Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine;Pharmaceutical Factory of Beijing Tongrentang Technology Co., Ltd.;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University;China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment;

    The mouse model of acute ulcerative colitis(UC) was established by skin sensitization via oxazolone(OXZ) combined with rectal enema. Successfully modeled mice were treated with Fuzi Lizhong Pills(FLP) for 7 consecutive days. The therapeutic effects were comprehensively evaluated. Untargeted metabolomics was employed to analyze fecal metabolic profiles, thereby elucidating the therapeutic mechanism of FLP for UC. The results showed that FLP significantly ameliorated the weight loss, diarrhea, and hematochezia in the mouse model of UC. Compared with the model group, the administration with FLP significantly reduced the DAI score, restored the colon length, repaired the pathological damage of the colon tissue, and reduced mucosal hyperemia, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration. In terms of immune regulation, FLP significantly downregulated the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interferon(IFN)-γ in the colon tissue and regulated spleen and thymus indices to restore the functional balance of immune organs. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of mouse feces indicated that FLP restored the levels of 126 differential metabolites, which were mainly involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, propanoate metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism pathways. In conclusion, FLP exhibits significant therapeutic effects on OXZ-induced UC in mice by regulating immune-inflammatory responses and correcting metabolic disorders.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2352K]

  • Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of new plant species based on the fourth national survey of Chinese materia medica resources

    HUANG Su-hua;JING Zhi-xian;ZHANG Ming-xu;SUN Xue;ZHANG Le-ting;SHI Ting-ting;SUN Jia-hui;JIANG Wei-ke;XU Cheng-dong;ZHANG Xiao-bo;State Key Laboratory for Quality Esurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese A

    To analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and driving mechanisms of new plant species in the fourth national survey of Chinese materia medica resources, the data obtained from the survey were analyzed using a geographic detector. The results showed that 207 new plant species were classified into 59 families and 127 genera, distributed in 19 provinces, 71 cities, and 136 counties. In general, there was significant spatial heterogeneity, exhibiting spatial positive correlation and aggregation characteristics. Additionally, the overall distribution was in an "increasing and decreasing" trend from west to east, while new plant species richness was high in the central and southern regions, which was similar to the trends of biodiversity and Chinese materia medica resource richness in China. Further analysis by the geographic detector revealed that the largest influencing factor of single factor detection q was watershed type(0.45). After the dual-factor interactive detection, the explanatory power of spatial heterogeneity was significantly enhanced after the altitude factor interacted with other factors. This study reveals the spatial distribution characteristics of new plant species, and the mechanisms between complex environmental factors and taxonomic human capital in the fourth national survey of Chinese materia medica resources, providing a scientific basis for the development and utilization of Chinese materia medica resources and biodiversity conservation strategies.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2551K]

  • Evaluation of genetic diversity and screening of high-quality germplasms in Codonopsis based on phenotypic traits and whole-genome resequencing

    ZHENG Bo-wen;TIAN Ke;DU Meng-yao;SHEN Xuan-xuan;ZHANG Lin-jie;ZHANG Tian;WANG Hui;LI Ying;YANG Guang;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine;

    Using phenotyping and whole-genome resequencing, this study analyzed the genetic diversity of Codonopsis and screened high-quality core germplasms, thereby providing support for germplasm innovation, variety improvement, and industrial standardization. Twenty-seven Codonopsis germplasms were collected from Gansu, Shanxi, Guizhou, and other provinces. After planting in a unified environment, 21 agronomic traits and 6 quality traits were determined. Comprehensive evaluation was conducted using methods such as correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis(PCA) to screen out excellent Codonopsis germplasms. Total DNA was extracted from young leaves by the magnetic bead method, and whole-genome resequencing was performed on the MGIDL-T7 platform. After quality control with FASTP, the sequences were aligned to the reference genome to detect single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP). Subsequently, linkage disequilibrium analysis was carried out using the sliding window method, and population structure was analyzed with the Admixture software to clarify the population genetic characteristics and germplasm genetic background. The 27 Codonopsis germplasms exhibited rich phenotypic and genetic diversity, with the coefficient of variation of the 27 traits ranging from 5.1% to 130.6%. Among them, yield(130.6%), root branch number(87.4%), and atractylenolide Ⅲ content(68.2%) showed significant variation, while traits such as seed germination rate(5.1%) and corolla tube diameter(6.0%) had relatively small variation. Correlation analysis revealed that yield was significantly positively correlated with the number of fruits per plant and the number of primary branches; root weight per plant was significantly positively correlated with root diameter; lobetyolin content was significantly positively correlated with lobetyolinin content; tangshenoside Ⅰ content was significantly positively correlated with polysaccharide content. PCA extracted 8 principal components(with a cumulative contribution rate of 82%), and 5 high-quality germplasms were screened out through comprehensive evaluation. Cluster analysis divided the germplasms into 6 groups, and the group characteristics were related to geographical origin and original plants. Whole-genome resequencing yielded 334.49 Gb of clean data(average Q30=95.70%), and 32 429 491 SNP loci were detected. Population structure analysis could clearly distinguish 3 original plants, PC1 significantly differentiated Codonopsis pilosula from C. tangshen, and when K=3, C. pilosula var. modesta showed an independent genetic component. In conclusion, the tested Codonopsis germplasms have rich phenotypic and genetic diversity, and whole-genome SNP markers can clearly resolve their genetic structure. The screened high-quality core germplasms possess both excellent agronomic and quality traits, which can provide a material basis and technical support for Codonopsis variety breeding and high-quality industrial development.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1894K]

  • Identification and tissue expression analysis of NAC gene family in Artemisia argyi

    XIAO Chuang;YUE Xue-xue;LIU Da-hui;MIAO Yu-huan;School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine;Hubei Shizhen Laboratory;

    Based on whole-genome and transcriptome data, this study identified the gene members of Artemisia argyi NAC(AarNAC) family and analyzed their expression patterns in different tissues and methyl jasmonate(MeJA)-induced samples, aiming to discover NAC transcription factors related to secondary metabolite synthesis, plant growth and development, and stress response regulation in A. argyi. A total of 176 AarNAC genes were identified in A. argyi using bioinformatics methods. The encoded proteins were composed of 152-1 269 amino acids. The relative molecular weights of AarNAC proteins were 17.38-141.23 kDa, and the theoretical isoelectric points were 4.42-9.60. Subcellular localization showed that most AarNAC gene family were located in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and a few were located in the endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplasts. According to the classification of Arabidopsis thaliana NAC gene family, AarNAC proteins were divided into 13 subfamilies. Analysis of promoter cis-acting elements showed that AarNAC family was closely related to growth and development, hormone response, and abiotic stress. Tissue expression pattern analysis showed that AarNAC family genes were mainly expressed in roots and stems, and most of the genes were induced by MeJA, among which 25 genes were predominantly expressed in leaves and also presented MeJA-induced expression. These AarNAC genes were presumed to be the key regulatory genes for the synthesis of active components in A. argyi. This study lays a foundation for in-depth analysis of the functions of AarNAC family genes and their regulatory mechanisms underlying the accumulation of bioactive compounds in A. argyi.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3952K]

  • Construction and transdermal delivery characteristics evaluation of self-assembled gentiopicroside-glycyrrhizic acid micelles

    ZHA Wen-ting;CHEN Li;NING Wen-jie;XUE Yu-ye;HANG Ling-yu;YUAN Hai-long;School of Pharmaceuticals Science, Anhui Medical University;Department of Pharmacy,Air Force Medical Center,PLA,Air Force Medical University;

    To address the critical challenge of poor skin permeability in the transdermal delivery of gentiopicroside(GPS), this study utilized the active herbal component glycyrrhizic acid(GA) as a natural carrier to construct self-assembled gentiopicroside-glycyrrhizic acid micelles(GPS-GA micelles), aiming to enhance the transdermal delivery efficiency of GPS and investigate its transdermal behavior. The micelles were prepared via the medium milling method. Techniques including UV spectroscopy, FT-IR, DSC, and XRD were employed to characterize micelle formation and the interactions between GPS and GA. In vitro and in vivo transdermal experiments were conducted to evaluate drug permeation and skin distribution behavior, which was combined with histological analysis to explore the permeation enhancement mechanism. The prepared micelles exhibited uniform spherical morphology with a particle size of(58.13±8.81) nm, a polydispersity index(PDI) of 0.249 7±0.077 6, and the zeta potential of(-30.01±0.85) mV. In vitro permeation studies demonstrated that GPS-GA micelles significantly enhanced both the cumulative permeation amount and permeation flux of GPS compared to a GPS solution. In vivo transdermal studies utilizing P4 and C6 fluorescently labeled hybrid micelles demonstrated distinct follicular targeting and accumulation characteristics of micelles via fluorescence tracking. The micelles were detectable, forming a drug reservoir that facilitated sustained release and deep permeation. This study provides a novel strategy for improving the transdermal delivery of soluble active components from TCM.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2833K]

  • Analysis of dynamic changes in odor and material basis of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during "sweating" process based on electronic nose and GC-MS

    ZHANG Rui-yuan;SONG Yao;LI Lin;BAI Ling;LEI Yi-cheng;MENG Zhen-qing;FU Chao-mei;LI Ting-ting;LIU Fang;LUO Xiao;School of Pharmacy, School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chinese Medicine Germplasm Resources Innovation and Effective Uses Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;NMPA Center for Innovation and Research in Regulatory Science,Chengdu Institute for Drug Control;

    This study analyzed the dynamic changes in odor and material basis of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(Houpo) during the "sweating" process in the producing areas from the perspectives of pungent taste and oily texture, aiming to comprehensively evaluates the impact of "sweating" on the odor formation of high-quality "Ziyou Houpo"(purple-oil Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex). An electronic nose was used to identify odor information of Houpo during the "sweating" process in the producing areas. The results showed that the odor profiles of raw Houpo exhibited high dispersion among groups, while the odors of samples in each group gradually became consistent during the "sweating" process. Notably, the odors of samples within the "Ziyou Houpo" group showed obvious clustering, with nitrogen oxides, ammonia, and aromatic compounds represented by the W5S and W3C sensors exerting the most significant influence on the odor. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified 33 volatile components in the processed "Ziyou Houpo", which primarily included alcohols, alkenes, and(alkenyl) ketones. Among them, 19 volatile components including linalool, α-calacorene, and caryophyllene oxide increased in content after "sweating", whereas 14 components such as(-)-α-pinene and caryolanol decreased. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that during the processing of high-quality "Ziyou Houpo", volatile components such as α-terpineol and α-muurolene showed positive correlations with the response values of 8 corresponding sensors, while 11 volatile components including linalool, α-calacorene, and magnolol exhibited negative correlations with sensor responses. On the basis of the results of orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis and variable importance projection values combined with electronic nose, it is inferred that components such as linalool, α-terpineol, α-muurolene, and caryophyllene oxide are critical to the odor transformation and compositional changes in the formation of high-quality "Ziyou Houpo". This study provides a research basis for exploring the mechanism underlying the "sweating" of Houpo in the producing areas.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1694K]

  • Synthesis of copper nanocomposite particles with Lonicerae Japonicae Flos aqueous extract and evaluation of their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities

    LI An-ran;YANG Ming-chuan;MA Bing-ji;ZHANG Xiang-chun;WANG Li;College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University;National Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;

    The objective of this study is to synthesize nanocomposite particles(HCuNPs) with the aqueous extract of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and copper ions by a green one-step self-assembly method and to investigate their antibacterial activity, antibacterial mechanism, and anti-inflammatory activity. The particle size, appearance, and properties of HCuNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The antibacterial activity of HCuNPs was evaluated by the growth curve method and the spread plate method. The antibacterial mechanism was investigated by bacterial structure disruption, leakage of nucleic acids and proteins, reactive sulfhydryl group activity, and in vitro reactive oxygen species experiments. The antioxidant activity was investigated via the DPPH and the ABTS free radical scavenging assays. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the cell viability assay, and the anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by in vitro anti-inflammatory experiments. The results showed that the particle size of HCuNPs synthesized by self-assembly with the aqueous extract of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and copper ions was approximately(19.47±0.77) nm, and the particles were well-dispersed. Moreover, HCuNPs showed strong antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. HCuNPs can promote the burst of reactive oxygen species in bacteria by consuming or interfering with the sulfhydryl substances required during the growth process of bacteria, thereby destroying the bacterial structure and causing the leakage of contents, resulting in the death of bacteria. Furthermore, HCuNPs can eliminate DPPH free radicals and ABTS free radicals, and enhance the anti-inflammatory ability of cells by reducing the secretion levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6). In this study, the self-assembled HCuNPs demonstrated stronger antibacterial activity than both the aqueous extract of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and the copper ions individually.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2034K]

  • Two new compounds from Cyclocarya paliurus fruits and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity

    HU Qi-qi;DAI Ling-yan;HUANG Qin;ZHU Yue-qing;XIAO Jin-bo;TAN Li-hong;YUAN Han-wen;WANG Wei;JIAN Yu-qing;TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine;

    This study aims to isolate and identify the chemical constituents of Cyclocarya paliurus fruits. The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of IR, UV, HR-ESI-MS, NMR, and CD spectra. Four compounds(1-4) were successfully isolated from the 80% ethanol extract of the dried fruits, and they were identified as qingqianliulignanoside A(1), cyclopaloside E(2), emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside(3), and daucosterol(4). Compounds 1 and 2 were new compounds, and compounds 3 was isolated from C. paliurus for the first time. The inhibitory activities of compounds 1-3 against α-glucosidase were assessed via the PNPG method. Compounds 2 exhibited certain α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with the IC_(50) value of(148.3±11.4) μg·mL~(-1).

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1308K]

  • A new sesquiterpene alkaloid and a new caffeoylquinic acid derivative from roots of Saussurea lappa

    WANG Mao-xin;HUANG Juan;CAO Li-fen;OUYANG Jin;OUYANG Qi-liang;GUO Jing;Luke ROBERTSON;XU Wen;State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, the Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine;Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory;Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University;

    The chemical components in the roots of Saussurea lappa were investigated via rapid separation technologies such as FLASH diol gel and semi-preparative liquid chromatography. The planar structures and absolute configurations of the compounds were determined by analysis of their physicochemical properties, HR-ESI-MS, UV-Vis, ECD and NMR spectroscopic data. Nine compounds were isolated from the root extract of S. lappa, and they were identified as saussureamine I(1), saussurenin A(2), dehydrocostus lactone(3), saussureamine B(4), saussureamine C(5), saussureamine F(6), picriside B(7), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid(8), and arbusculin A(9). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were novel compounds.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1363K]

  • Effects of Buzhong Yiqi Formula on structure and function of sublingual glands of rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus

    ZHANG Jing-li;WANG Ming-yu;CHEN Jing-ru;LI Xiang-ke;FEI Guo-jun;YANG Ze-min;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University;

    The efficacy of Buzhong Yiqi Formula(BZYQF) in alleviating type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) is well-established, while the effect of this formula on T2DM-caused hyposalivation remains unclear. Specifically, the effects of BZYQF on the structure and function of sublingual glands in the rat model of T2DM have not been reported. To investigate the improving effects of BZYQF on the structure and function of sublingual glands in the rat model of T2DM, this study established a rat model of T2DM and treated the modeled rats with BZYQF by gavage at a dose of 8 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) for 11 weeks. Serum and total saliva were collected to determine blood biochemical indicators, salivary flow rate, and salivary α-amylase(sAA) activity. After the last administration, rats were sacrificed. The sublingual glands were collected to observe the histopathological structure, measure biochemical parameters, and quantify the expression of signaling molecules in saliva secretion pathways and inflammatory factors. The results showed that BZYQF significantly reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride, elevated the insulin level and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and significantly increased the salivary flow rate and sAA activity in the rat model of T2DM. In addition, BZYQF reduced glucose and lipid accumulation, increased acetylcholine content, ameliorated the structure and arrangement disorder of acinar cells and secretory ducts, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and restored the expression of signaling molecules including β-adrenergic receptor, protein kinase A, sAA, cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3, inositol triphosphate receptor, and aquaporin 5 in the saliva secretion pathways and inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the sublingual glands of the rat model of T2DM. These results suggest that BZYQF effectively ameliorates T2DM and T2DM-caused pathological damage and salivary secretion disorder in sublingual glands of rats, which may be one of the mechanisms by which BZYQF ameliorates hyposalivation in the rat model of T2DM. This study provides a novel theoretical foundation and therapeutic strategy for BZYQF in the treatment of diabetic xerostomia.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1878K]

  • Danggui Buxue Decoction delays vascular endothelial cell senescence induced by intermittent hypoxia through regulating Nrf2

    CHEN Jie;ZHANG Hao;GUO Ya-jing;LI Jie-ru;LIU Bing-bing;JI En-sheng;LI Dong-li;Hebei University of Chinese Medicine;Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined with Hydrogen Medicine;

    This study aims to explore the antioxidant molecular mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction(DBD) in delaying the vascular endothelial cell senescence induced by intermittent hypoxia(IH). The C57BL/6N mouse model of chronic intermittent hypoxia(CIH) was established under 5%-21% O_2, 20 cycles·h~(-1), 8 h·d~(-1) and administrated with DBD(4.68 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) by gavage. The IH model of mouse thoracic aortic endothelial cells was established(0.1% O_2 3 min-21% O_2 7 min, 6 cycles·h~(-1)). The cells were then treated with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine(NAC), DBD-containing serum, or DBD-containing serum plus nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) siRNA. The vascular function, pathological changes, and the aging condition of the aorta tissue in mice were detected. The senescence status of cells, the level of oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the apoptosis level were measured via commercial kits. The expression levels of silent information regulator 1(SIRT1), tumor protein p53, superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2(NOX2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1), Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), B cell-lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), and cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3(Caspase-3) were determined by Western blot or Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that DBD significantly improved the vascular function and attenuated the vascular endothelial damage and senescence in mice. Compared with the IH group, 5% DBD-containing serum or 1 mmol·L~(-1) NAC significantly increased the proliferation level of endothelial cells, promoted the expression of SIRT1, Nrf2, and HO-1 at protein and mRNA levels in endothelial cells, raised the expression level of SOD2, the mitochondrial membrane potential, and the mRNA level of Bcl-2, while significantly reducing the number of senescent cells, the expression of p53 and Keap1 at protein and mRNA levels, the content of reactive oxygen species in endothelial cells, the protein level of NOX2, and the mRNA levels of Bax and Caspase-3. The above-mentioned therapeutic effects were inhibited after intervention with Nrf2 siRNA. These results suggest that DBD alleviates the oxidative stress and inhibits the apoptosis of endothelial cells by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, thereby slowing down endothelial cell senescence under IH exposure.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1822K]

  • Effects of water extract of Cistanches Deserticola on bone microstructure and bone marrow immune cell subsets in SAMP6 mice

    CUI Zhi;CUI Tian-yi;XIA Ting-ting;AN Jia-yao;HUANG Yun-han;YANG Yang;ZHAO Xin;Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;

    This study aims to systematically evaluate the regulatory effects of the water extract of Cistanches Deserticola(WECD) on the bone microstructure and immune function in a mouse model of rapid aging and osteoporosis. SAMP6 mice were randomly allocated into the model, low-dose(548.73 mg·kg~(-1)) WECD, and high-dose(1 097.46 mg·kg~(-1)) WECD groups, with SAMR1 mice serving as the control group. The intervention groups were administered different doses of WECD by gavage for two months. After the experiment, the general conditions of mice were recorded. Micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT) was employed to assess the changes in bone microstructure. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was performed to observe pathological changes in the bone marrow tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to measure the changes in plasma bone metabolism markers. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) was employed to measure the expression of bone metabolism-related genes and inflammatory cytokines. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the changes in the composition of T, B, and NK cell subsets in the bone marrow. The results indicated that WECD intervention significantly improved the bone microstructure of SAMP6 mice. Compared with the control group, the model group showed decreases in bone mineral density(BGP)(P<0.05) and trabecular number(Tb.N). Compared with the model group, low-and high-dose WECD increased the BGP(P<0.01) and high-dose WECD increased the Tb.N(P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the model group showed loosely arranged intertrabecular cells and short and discontinuous trabeculae. Both low-dose and high-dose WECD treatments restored the close arrangement of bone marrow cells and the compact trabecular structure. Compared with the control group, the model group showed a decline in bone gla protein(BGP) level, while high-dose WECD attenuated the decline(P<0.05). The activities of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b(TRAP-5b) were higher in the model group than in the control group, and both the low-and high-dose WECD groups showed reduced ALP and TRAP-5b activities compared with the model group(P<0.05). Additionally, compared with the control group, the expression levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2(RUNX2) and osteoprotegerin(OPG) were reduced in the model group. Although the high-dose WECD group showed an upward trend in RUNX2 and OPG levels compared with the model group, the difference was not significant, while the low-dose group showed an increasing trend(P<0.05). There was no notable difference in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ) among the groups. Compared with the control group, the model group exhibited elevated expression of interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-10(IL-10), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A(P16). Compared with the model group, high-dose WECD reduced the P16 expression(P<0.05). In addition, high-dose WECD significantly modulated the composition of bone marrow T cell subsets. Compared with the control group, the model group showed marked reductions in the number of na6ve na6ve CD4 positive T cells(CD4~+T cells) and the ratio of CD4 positive na6ve T cells to CD4 positive memory T cells(CD4~+ Tn/Tm), along with an increase in effector memory CD8 positive T cells(TEM CD8~+T cells)(P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the model group, high-dose WECD increased the number of na6ve CD4~+T cells(P<0.05), decreased TEM CD8~+T cells(P<0.05), and improved the CD4~+ Tn/Tm ratio in the bone marrow. In conclusion, WECD exhibits regulatory effects on bone microstructure in the mouse model of rapid aging and osteoporosis by enhancing the T cell function in the bone marrow.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2057K]

  • Hepatic lipidomics and metabolomics unveil hypolipidemic mechanism of Arisaematis Rhizoma

    ZHANG Bao-wu;SU Fa-zhi;BAI Chen-xi;JIA Chen-chen;ZHANG Peng;LI Yao-yong;ZENG Yuan-ning;SUN Yan-ping;KUOK Sao-man;KUANG Hai-xue;WANG Qiu-hong;Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine;School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University;MCCY GROUP LIMITED;

    This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of Arisaematis Rhizoma in improving hyperlipidemia through hepatic lipidomics and metabolomics. Forty-eight SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=8 per group): control group, model group, positive control group(fenofibrate, 40 mg·kg~(-1)), high-dose Arisaematis Rhizoma group(A-H, 2.8 g·kg~(-1)), medium-dose Arisaematis Rhizoma group(A-M, 1.4 g·kg~(-1)), and low-dose Arisaematis Rhizoma group(A-L, 0.7 g·kg~(-1)). The intervention lasted for 4 consecutive weeks. Serum lipid levels were detected by biochemical analysis. Pathological morphology and lipid deposition were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and oil red O staining. The mechanism underlying the hypolipidemic effect of Arisaematis Rhizoma was analyzed via hepatic lipidomics and metabolomics. The mRNA expression of key targets and key enzyme levels were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), respectively. A-H exhibited significantly ameliorated dyslipidemia, improved hepatic pathological injury, and reduced lipid accumulation in liver tissue. Hepatic lipidomic and metabolomic results showed that A-H corrected the metabolic profile in the liver of hyperlipidemic rats, with 30 and 44 differential metabolites significantly reversed, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that Arisaematis Rhizoma exerted its hypolipidemic effect by regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, galactose metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and D-amino acid metabolism. Combined with molecular biology experiments, the results indicated that Arisaematis Rhizoma improved hyperlipidemia by regulating hepatic lipid metabolic disorders(e.g., phospholipid remodeling), inhibiting cholesterol synthesis, promoting cholesterol decomposition, and modulating key targets peroxisome prociferator-activated receptor-α(PPAR-α)/liver X receptor-α(LXR-α). These findings provide experimental evidence for the clinical application of Arisaematis Rhizoma in resolving phlegm.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2754K]

  • Mechanism of Shuxiong Prescription in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats based on theory of "treatment of different diseases with same approach"

    YANG Ce;WANG Wen-xiang;LI Ning;FENG Bin-bin;WANG Qing-ling;PENG Xiao-yuan;School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area;

    This study established a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Shuxiong Prescription(SXP) in regulating the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p65) inflammatory signaling pathway in NAFLD rats. A NAFLD rat model was established by administering a customized high-fat diet for eight weeks. Following successful modeling, NAFLD model rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: NAFLD model group, positive drug group(atorvastatin group, 0.9 mg·kg~(-1)), low-dose SXP group(SXP-L, 5.5 g·kg~(-1)), medium-dose SXP group(SXP-M, 11 g·kg~(-1)), and high-dose SXP group(SXP-H, 22 g·kg~(-1)). Additionally, non-modeled SD rats served as a blank group, with 10 rats per group. After four weeks of continuous gavage administration, tissue was collected. In vivo studies required observation of general rat condition, measurement of body weight changes, calculation of liver index, determination of levels of serum total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), and assessment of liver function indicators including alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and alkaline phosphatase(ALP). Histopathology was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. Lipid deposition was evaluated via oil red O staining, and fibrosis severity was measured via Masson′s trichrome staining. The protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 in liver tissue were determined by Western blot analysis. Results indicated that rats in the model group exhibited significantly poorer physical condition with overall higher body weight(P<0.05), significantly elevated ALT(P<0.01) and AST(P<0.05) levels, enlarged liver volume, yellowish rough surface appearance, and fatty degeneration observed via HE staining. Following treatment, rats in the NAFLD group exhibited hepatic steatosis accompanied by inflammation and ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes. NAFLD-activity score(NAS) significantly increased(P<0.01), with massive lipid deposition(P<0.001) and marked hepatic fibrosis(P<0.001) observed. The level of serum TG, TC, and LDL-C was significantly elevated(P<0.01), and the HDL-C level was significantly decreased(P<0.001). The liver index significantly increased(P<0.01). Serum ALT, AST, and ALP levels were significantly elevated(P<0.01). The level of interleukin(IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, and nitric oxide(NO) in liver tissue was significantly increased(P<0.05, P<0.01), and the protein expression level of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 was significantly elevated(P<0.001). Compared with the NAFLD group, the SXP-L, SXP-M, SXP-H, and atorvastatin groups all showed improved histopathological changes in NAFLD rats, reduced NAS scores(P<0.01), decreased lipid deposition(P<0.05, P<0.01), inhibited fibrosis(P<0.05, P<0.01), significantly decreased TG, TC, and LDL-C levels(P<0.05, P<0.01), elevated HDL-C levels(P<0.01), reduced liver index(P<0.05, P<0.01), significantly lowered serum TG, TC, LDL-C, ALT, AST, and ALP levels(P<0.05, P<0.01), elevated HDL-C levels(P<0.05), significantly reduced IL-1β, TNF-α, and NO levels(P<0.05, P<0.01), and downregulated hepatic TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 protein expression levels(P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). Results confirmed that SXP improved lipid metabolism, reduced hepatic inflammatory damage, and restored liver function in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD rats via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 pathway.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4546K]

  • Effect of Dendrobium officinale leaf-Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium extract on cholesterol metabolism in rats with hypercholesterolemia

    ZHANG Song-zi;SU Jie;GUO Jing-yan;LYU Gui-yuan;CHEN Su-hong;College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University;

    This study aims to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of Dendrobium officinale leaf-Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium extract(DC) on cholesterol metabolism in the rat model of hypercholesterolemia. Sixty SD rats were randomly assigned to normal, model, ezetimibe(positive control, 1 mg·kg~(-1)), and low-, medium-, and high-dose(0.7, 1.4, and 2.8 g·kg~(-1), respectively) DC groups. A rat model of hypercholesterolemia was established via a high-fat diet(HFD). Throughout the 14-week modeling period, the rats received continuous oral interventions. General physical signs(including grip strength, autonomous activities, and dorsal temperature), blood rheology, and tail microcirculatory blood flow were monitored. Serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c), and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were measured. Pathological changes in the liver and aortic tissue were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and Masson staining. Hepatic levels of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase(HMGCR) and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase(CYP7A1) were quantified. Furthermore, mRNA and protein levels of liver X receptor-α(LXR-α), low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR), and inducible degrader of LDLR(IDOL) were determined. The results demonstrated that DC significantly improved the grip strength and autonomous activities, reduced dorsal temperature and whole blood viscosity, and increased tail microcirculatory blood flow in the model rats. Furthermore, DC administration significantly lowered the serum levels of TC, LDL-c, and AST and ameliorated pathological alterations in the liver and aortic tissue. In addition, DC significantly lowered the hepatic HMGCR levels, while increasing the CYP7A1 level, suggesting modulation of both cholesterol synthesis and conversion pathways. DC upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of LDLR, concurrently downregulating those of LXR-α and IDOL. In conclusion, DC ameliorates hypercholesterolemia, potentially by regulating hepatic cholesterol metabolism via the LXR-α/IDOL/LDLR signaling pathway.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2557K]

  • Mechanism of Tianwang Buxin Dan medicated serum in alleviating adenosine-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via modulation of Trpv1/AMPK pathway

    ZHANG Zhuo;JIANG Jie-cheng;LI Zhu-jiang;WU Yi-xuan;ZHANG Ze-feng;XIE Guang-jing;WANG Ping;MA Zuo-feng;HUANG Pan-pan;WANG Jun;Hubei University of Chinese Medicine;Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine;Hubei Shizhen Laboratory;

    This study aimed to investigate whether the medicated serum of Tianwang Buxin Dan(TWBXD) alleviates adenosine(Ado)-induced neuroinflammation and apoptosis in a co-culture system of neuronal(SK-N-SH) and astrocytic(SVG p12) cells by modulating the transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1(Trpv1)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK) signaling pathway. The optimal Ado concentration for model establishment and the most effective TWBXD serum concentration were determined using a CCK-8 assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) was used to screen and validate the most efficient Trpv1 interference and overexpression plasmids. Experimental groups included control, Ado, Ado + ShTrpv1, Ado + OE-Trpv1, OE-Trpv1, Ado + TWBXD, and OE-Trpv1 + TWBXD groups. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression of Trpv1 and AMPK, while Western blot analysis was used to determine the protein levels of Trpv1, AMPK-α, and nuclear factor kappa-B p65(NF-κB p65). The results showed that an inflammatory co-culture model was successfully established after exposure to 3.2 mmol·L~(-1) Ado for 48 h, and 10% TWBXD medicated serum for 48 h yielded the highest neuronal proliferation rate. Compared with the control group, the Ado group exhibited a significantly increased apoptosis rate, elevated IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and markedly enhanced relative fluorescence intensities of Trpv1 and AMPK and protein expression of Trpv1, p-NF-κB p65, and p-AMPKα. Compared with the Ado group, the Ado + ShTrpv1 group showed reduced apoptosis rate, significantly lowered IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, decreased relative fluorescence intensities of Trpv1 and AMPK, and markedly downregulated protein expression of Trpv1, p-NF-κB p65, and p-AMPKα. The Ado + OE-Trpv1 group exhibited an enhanced apoptosis rate, significantly increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, elevated relative fluorescence intensities of Trpv1 and AMPK, and upregulated protein expression of Trpv1, p-NF-κB p65, and p-AMPKα. The OE-Trpv1 + TWBXD group presented a decreased apoptosis rate, lowered IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, reduced relative fluorescence intensities of Trpv1 and AMPK, and downregulated protein expression of Trpv1, p-NF-κB p65, and p-AMPKα. In conclusion, TWBXD medicated serum effectively alleviates Ado-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting the Trpv1/AMPK signaling pathway, thereby ameliorating neuroinflammation in insomnia.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1339K]

  • Protective effects and mechanisms of Sanguisorbae Radix Carbonisata nano-components against ulcerative colitis

    XIA Min-long;HUANG Yan;LI Xiao-peng;JIANG Ming-min;LI Hong-hua;ZHAO Yun;WANG En-li;YAO Jing-chun;CHENG Guo-liang;QU Hui-hua;ZHAO Yan;KONG Hui;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine;Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.;

    This study aims to isolate and extract Sanguisorbae Radix Carbonisata nano-components(SRC-NCs) from Sanguisorbae Radix Carbonisata(SRC) and investigate their protective effects against ulcerative colitis(UC) and the underlying mechanisms. The SRC-NCs were systematically characterized by nanomaterial characterization techniques to analyze their morphological structure, optical properties, and characteristics of functional groups on the surface. Meanwhile, a dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced UC mouse model was established to evaluate the general condition, disease activity index(DAI) score, and pathological damage degree of the colon tissue of mice after SRC-NCs intervention. The level or activity of inflammatory factors(interleukin(IL)-17A, IL-6, IL-10, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α), and IL-1β) and oxidative stress markers(myeloperoxidase(MPO), malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH), and nitric oxide(NO)) in the colon tissue was detected. The expression level of key proteins, such as Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88(MYD88), and nuclear factor-kappa B p65(NF-κB p65), in the colon tissue was detected by Western blot to provide key molecular evidence for revealing the intervention mechanism of SRC-NCs. The results showed that SRC-NCs were nearly spherical under transmission electron microscope(TEM), with a uniform particle size distribution(0.8-2.6 nm), a lattice spacing of 0.17 nm, and multiple active genes such as hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl groups on the surface. In the UC model, SRC-NCs could slow down the weight loss and increase in DAI score of mice, and alleviate the shortening of the colon and the degree of tissue damage. SRC-NCs could down-regulate the levels of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-17A, IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the colon tissue, up-regulate the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, reduce the activity of MPO and the content of MDA and NO, increase the activity of SOD and the level of GSH, and inhibit the expression of TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB p65 proteins. In conclusion, the study for the first time demonstrates that SRC-NCs are the key active components of SRC in exerting protective effects against UC, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory responses of the TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB pathway and the reduction of oxidative stress.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1461K]

  • Identification of chemical constituents of Shuangshen Fuzheng Powder and its tissue distribution characteristics in rats by UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-HRMS

    HUANG Qi;LI Yi;GE Shan;GUO Qiu-jun;SUN Qi-wei;XU Tao;HE Zhong-ning;HUA Bao-jin;SHI Zhan;QI Run-zhi;Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;Guang′anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;

    Shuangshen Fuzheng Powder has been clinically used for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer for many years, demonstrating favorable efficacy, yet its pharmacodynamic material basis remains to be further investigated. This study employed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-electrostatic field Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-HRMS) to rapidly identify the chemical components of Shuangshen Fuzheng Powder and to investigate the distribution of major prototype components in blood and tissue after intragastric administration in rats. An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) was used, with 0.1% formic acid in water(A) and methanol(B) as the mobile phase under gradient elution. Mass spectra were acquired in positive and negative ion full-scan/data-dependent secondary scan mode(Full MS/dd-MS~2). Elemental compositions were fitted using Xcalibur 4.2 software based on the relative retention time of ion peaks and primary fragment ion information, and component identification was performed by comparison with reference standards, literature, and databases using secondary fragment ion information. This approach enabled the identification of both chemical constituents of Shuangshen Fuzheng Powder and the prototype components present in blood and various tissue. A total of 130 chemical components were identified, including 78 terpenoids(saponins), 16 flavonoids, 13 nucleotides, 6 amino acids, 5 fatty acids, 4 organic acids, and 8 other compounds. After intragastric administration to rats, 20, 15, 46, 66, 46, 61, 38, and 40 prototype components were detected in serum, brain, lung, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and ileum, respectively. Thirteen components, such as naringenin, ginsenoside R_1, ginsenoside Rg_5, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg_1, ginsenoside F_2, ginsenoside Rh_1, ginsenoside Ro, ginsenoside Rb_1, notoginsenoside R_1 and notoginsenoside R_2, yesanchinoside B, and malonyl ginsenoside Rb_1, were detected both in serum and across all tissue. This study demonstrates that high-resolution mass spectrometry allows rapid identification of the chemical constituents of Shuangshen Fuzheng Powder and the distribution of its prototype components in blood and tissue. These findings provide a reference for elucidating the pharmacodynamic material basis of Shuangshen Fuzheng Powder and for conducting pharmacokinetic studies of its active components in different tissue.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2559K]

  • Exploration of pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of Jingfang Mixture against influenza A (H1N1) based on UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS and network pharmacology

    LI Yue;SUN Lin-han;FU Yan;LI Shi-rong;TAN Yu-jun;YANG Jia;LIU Xiao-yun;YE Dong-xue;RONG Rong;SUN Qi-hui;WU Zhi-sheng;College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine;Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Traditional Chinese Medicine;Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Traditional Chinese Medicine;School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of C

    This study systematically analyzed the components of Jingfang Mixture that entered the blood and target organ(lung) in both normal and influenza A(H1N1) virus-infected mice by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS). Network pharmacology and molecular docking were employed to explore the pharmacodynamic material basis and potential mechanisms against influenza A(H1N1). Twenty-four male BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into normal control, normal administration, model control, and model administration groups. An influenza infection model was established by intranasal inoculation with the A/H1N1/PR8 virus strain. After gavage of Jingfang Mixture, serum and lung tissue samples were collected. The chemical components and the components entering the blood and lung were identified and analyzed by UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS. SwissTargetPrediction was used to predict the targets of the absorbed components, and the influenza A(H1N1)-related targets were obtained from the GeneCard, OMIM, and TTD databases. The common targets were used to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network, which was followed by Gene Ontology(GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. A "component-target-pathway" network was established from the result, and the key interactions were validated by molecular docking. A total of 271 compounds were identified from the Jingfang Mixture, including 108 flavonoids, 55 coumarins, 46 terpenoids, 24 organic acids, 16 phthalides, 13 chromones, and 9 others. In normal mice, 21 prototype components in the blood and 6 prototype components in the lung were detected, while in infected mice, the numbers increased to 37 and 29, respectively. This suggested that influenza virus infection may disrupt the alveolar epithelial and endothelial barriers, facilitating the entry of more active components into systemic circulation and the target organ, thereby enhancing anti-influenza efficacy. Network pharmacology screening identified 282 potential targets. Molecular docking results indicated that active ingredients such as nodakenetin, tangeretin, glycyrrhetinic acid, cimifugin, and glycyrrhizic acid may act on core targets including AKT1, TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, and STAT3, modulating signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, apoptosis, influenza A, CLRs, and TNF, thereby exerting synergistic anti-influenza effects. In conclusion, this study preliminarily reveals the pharmacodynamic material basis and the potential "multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway" mechanism of Jingfang Mixture against influenza A(H1N1), providing a scientific basis for the clinical application and quality control of the mixture.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4007K]

  • Network Meta-analysis of TCM injections combined with conventional western medicine in treatment of viral pneumonia

    ZHOU Shu-han;WANG Jing-yu;YANG Jing;LI Pi-bao;School of Medicine, Ocean University of China;Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Medical College;Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital;the First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shandong;

    Network Meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different TCM injections combined with conventional western medicine in the treatment of viral pneumonia. A comprehensive computerized search was performed in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, and Cochrane Library. The search period was from 1 January 2015 to 1 July 2025. EndNote, RevMan 5.3, and Stata 17 software were used for literature screening and statistical analysis. A total of 1 605 relevant publications were identified, and 74 randomized controlled trials(RCTs) involving 8 types of TCM injections were ultimately included. Network Meta-analysis revealed that:(1) for improving the clinical total effective rate, the intervention with the highest SUCRA ranking was Qingkailing Injection + conventional western medicine;(2) for reducing cough resolution time, the intervention with the highest SUCRA ranking was Yanhuning Injection + conventional western medicine;(3) for reducing the time to resolution of pulmonary rales, the intervention with the highest SUCRA ranking was Yanhuning Injection + conventional western medicine;(4) for reducing fever duration, the intervention with the highest SUCRA ranking was Shenqi Fuzheng Injection + conventional western medicine;(5) for reducing the hospitalization duration, the intervention with the highest SUCRA ranking was Yanhuning Injection + conventional western medicine;(6) for improving CRP, the intervention with the highest SUCRA ranking was Yanhuning Injection + conventional western medicine;(7) for improving IL-6, the intervention with the highest SUCRA ranking was Tanreqing Injection + conventional western medicine;(8) for improving TNF-α, the intervention with the highest SUCRA ranking was Yanhuning Injection + conventional western medicine;(9) regarding safety, compared with conventional western medicine alone, combining TCM injections with conventional western medicine did not show an obvious increase in adverse reactions, and no serious adverse reactions occurred. The results indicate that TCM injections combined with conventional western medicine can effectively improve the overall clinical response rate in patients with viral pneumonia, reduce the time to clinical symptom resolution, and improve CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α. Due to limitations in the included studies, more large-sample, multicenter, randomized double-blind trials are required to provide higher-quality evidence for the use of TCM injections in the treatment of viral pneumonia.

    2026 05 v.51 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2779K]



CopyRight：

Address： Tel: E-mail：

Technical support:CNKI(China National Knowledge Internet)